Artists Studio
Related Articles
Photography is an expressive art form that encompasses a wide range of visual storytelling techniques. Behind the lens, photographers employ their artistic and technical skills to capture moments in time, distilling them into powerful images that evoke emotions and convey narratives. In this article, we will explore the multifaceted nature of photography as both an art form and a means for musical expression.
Consider the case study of renowned photographer Jane Smith, whose work exhibits a profound amalgamation of Artistry and Musicality. Through her lens, she transforms mundane scenes into captivating compositions that resonate with viewers on a visceral level. By employing various compositional techniques such as framing, leading lines, and rule of thirds, Smith orchestrates visual harmonies akin to musical arrangements. The interplay of light and shadow in her photographs creates dynamic rhythms that echo the ebb and flow of melodies. Just like gifted musicians who can evoke intense feelings through notes played on their instruments, Smith’s mastery lies in her ability to manipulate elements within her frame to elicit emotional responses from her audience.
In addition to the technical aspects, photographers also draw inspiration from music itself when creating their photographic masterpieces. Like composers crafting symphonies or songwriters penning lyrics, photographers use imagery to tell stories with rhythm and emotion. They often seek to capture the essence of a particular song or genre through visual means, exploring themes, moods, and narratives that align with the music’s message. By immersing themselves in the music, photographers can tap into its energy and translate it into their photographs.
For example, a photographer may be inspired by a melancholic ballad and seek to recreate that somber atmosphere in their images. They might choose muted tones, soft lighting, and contemplative compositions to mirror the introspective nature of the music. On the other hand, an energetic dance track could inspire vibrant colors, dynamic angles, and fast-paced movement within the photographs. By aligning their artistic vision with the musical qualities they want to convey, photographers can create a harmonious fusion of two art forms.
Furthermore, photographers often collaborate with musicians directly to visually represent their work or album covers. This collaboration allows for a seamless integration of both art forms as they complement and enhance each other’s creative expressions. The combination of captivating imagery with evocative music creates a powerful sensory experience for audiences.
In conclusion, photography is not only a visual art form but also an avenue for expressing musicality. Through composition techniques and manipulation of light and shadow, photographers orchestrate visual harmonies that resonate like melodies. Drawing inspiration from music itself, photographers tell stories with rhythm and emotion in their images. Whether collaborating directly with musicians or using imagery to evoke the spirit of a song or genre, photography becomes an expressive medium for capturing the essence of music visually.
The Captivating World of Nature
Imagine standing on the edge of a serene lake, surrounded by towering mountains and lush greenery. In front of you, a magnificent bald eagle soars through the sky with grace and power. The scene is breathtaking, and capturing this moment becomes the mission of a photographer – an artist armed with their camera and creative vision.
Nature photography has long been admired for its ability to transport viewers to remote landscapes and evoke emotions that connect us to our natural world. Through careful composition, lighting techniques, and attention to detail, photographers bring out the essence of nature’s beauty in ways that words alone cannot capture.
One example of such artistry lies within the work of renowned landscape photographer Ansel Adams. His iconic photograph “Moonrise over Hernandez” perfectly encapsulates the mystique and grandeur of nature. With precision timing, Adams captured the full moon rising above a small New Mexico town, casting an ethereal glow upon the land below. This single image not only showcases his technical skill but also elicits a sense of wonderment and awe in those who view it.
To further emphasize the emotional impact of nature photography, consider these key aspects:
- Color palette: Photographers often use vibrant or muted colors to convey different moods or atmospheres, from warm sunrise hues to cool blue tones during twilight.
- Textures: By highlighting textures found in nature – rough tree bark, smooth water surfaces – photographers add depth and tactile qualities that make viewers feel as if they can reach out and touch what they see.
- Composition: Thoughtful arrangement within a frame helps guide the viewer’s eye towards specific elements in the photo, creating visual interest and drawing attention to focal points.
- Contrast: Skilled photographers play with contrast between light and shadow or contrasting elements within a scene (such as delicate flowers against rugged cliffs) to create visually striking images.
Let’s now transition into exploring another facet of the photographer’s artistry – one that unveils the essence of human expression. In this realm, photographers capture raw emotions and tell stories through their lens, providing a glimpse into the diverse spectrum of human experiences.
Unveiling the Essence of Human Expression
From the enchanting landscapes of nature to the compelling depths of human emotion, a skilled photographer is able to unveil moments that evoke deep emotional responses. By capturing the essence of human expression, photographers bring forth images that resonate with viewers on a profound level. Through their artistry and musicality behind the lens, these visual storytellers create photographs that truly speak to our souls.
Imagine a portrait photograph where the subject’s eyes are filled with vulnerability and longing, subtly hinting at past heartbreaks and hidden desires. This single image has the power to transport us into an intimate world of emotions, leaving us captivated by its rawness and authenticity. It reminds us of our own experiences, triggering empathy within us as we reflect upon our shared humanity.
To further explore the impact of photography in unveiling human emotion, consider the following:
- Photographers use composition techniques such as leading lines or rule of thirds to guide our gaze towards specific elements in an image, emphasizing certain emotions or narratives.
- The choice of lighting can dramatically alter the mood of a photograph. Soft, diffused light may elicit feelings of tranquility or tenderness, while harsh shadows can convey drama or intensity.
- Candid shots have an innate ability to capture unfiltered expressions and gestures, allowing viewers to witness genuine moments frozen in time.
- Collaboration between photographer and subjects plays a crucial role in revealing authentic emotions. Establishing trust and creating a comfortable environment allows individuals to let their guard down and reveal their true selves before the camera.
As we immerse ourselves in these evocative photographic experiences, it becomes clear that each frame holds a unique story waiting to be discovered. Photography serves as a vehicle for emotional connection – one that transcends language barriers and cultural differences. With every click of the shutter button, photographers invite us into a universe brimming with tales told through visual poetry.
Moving from exposing human expression through photography brings us now to delve into the glamour and elegance of fashion.
The Glamour and Elegance of Fashion
Through the lens of a photographer, the world becomes an expansive canvas on which to capture and immortalize moments that express the depth and complexity of human emotion. The artistry and musicality behind the lens are essential in unveiling this essence, as photographers harness their technical skills and artistic vision to encapsulate the raw emotions conveyed by their subjects.
Consider, for example, a portrait photographer who seeks to capture the vulnerability and resilience of survivors of trauma. Through careful composition, lighting techniques, and collaborative efforts with the subject, they create an environment where trust can flourish. By effectively capturing subtle nuances through facial expressions or body language, these photographers allow viewers to empathize with their subjects’ experiences, evoking a profound emotional response.
To understand how photographers achieve such powerful portrayals of human expression, it is important to recognize several key aspects:
- Composition: Photographers skillfully arrange elements within a frame to guide the viewer’s eye towards specific details or convey a particular mood.
- Lighting: Different lighting setups can dramatically alter the atmosphere portrayed in an image, emphasizing certain features or creating shadows that evoke different emotions.
- Perspective: Choosing an angle from which to shoot can significantly impact how viewers perceive a subject’s demeanor or engage with their story.
- Post-processing: Editing techniques further enhance photographs by adjusting colors, tones, and contrast to emphasize desired emotions or themes.
The following table exemplifies these concepts using four distinct portraits:
| Portrait | Composition | Lighting | Perspective |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Diagonal lines lead towards subject’s eyes | Soft light creates ethereal glow | Low-angle shot emphasizes strength |
| B | Symmetrical balance conveys stability | Dramatic side-lighting accentuates contours | High-angle shot suggests vulnerability |
| C | Rule-of-thirds places subject off-center | Harsh light casts strong shadows | Eye-level shot establishes connection |
| D | Minimalist composition creates focus | Warm backlight adds warmth and intimacy | Overhead shot highlights fragility |
By understanding these elements and employing them skillfully, photographers can evoke a wide range of emotions from viewers, providing glimpses into the human experience that are both captivating and thought-provoking.
Moving forward, we will delve into the world of Fashion Photography, exploring how it encapsulates glamour, elegance, and style in every frame. Through elaborate sets, stunning wardrobes, and carefully curated poses, fashion photographers transport us to a realm where beauty knows no bounds.
Exploring the Beauty of Inanimate Objects
Building upon the world of fashion photography, we now delve into another captivating aspect of a photographer’s craft – exploring the beauty of inanimate objects. Through their lenses, photographers are able to capture the essence and intricacies of everyday items, transforming them into works of art that captivate and inspire.
In this section, let us consider an example where a skilled photographer sought to showcase the elegance and simplicity of pottery through their lens. By carefully selecting lighting techniques and angles, they were able to highlight the curves and textures of each piece, evoking a sense of both fragility and strength. This attention to detail allowed viewers to appreciate not only the artistic value but also the story behind each individual creation.
To further emphasize the emotional impact of photographing inanimate objects, let us explore some key aspects that contribute to this unique genre:
- Composition: Photographers skillfully arrange elements within the frame to create visually pleasing images that tell a story or convey emotions.
- Lighting: The play between light and shadow can transform ordinary objects into extraordinary subjects by emphasizing texture, depth, and mood.
- Perspective: Choosing different vantage points allows for fresh interpretations and reveals new dimensions within familiar objects.
- Detail-oriented approach: Attention to even the smallest details brings out hidden features or characteristics that may have gone unnoticed otherwise.
| Composition | Lighting | Perspective | Detail-Oriented Approach |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arranging elements within frames | Utilizing light & shadow | Choosing various vantage points | Attending meticulously to minute details |
Through these elements, photographers infuse life into seemingly lifeless objects. Their ability to evoke emotions from stillness is truly remarkable. As viewers engage with these photographs, they find themselves drawn into a world where mundane objects become vessels for imagination, introspection, and appreciation.
With an understanding of how photographers bring inanimate objects to life, we now turn our attention towards their remarkable skill in Capturing Love and Joyous Moments.
Capturing Love and Joyous Moments
Having delved into the world of inanimate objects, we now shift our focus to another facet of photography – capturing love and joyous moments. This section explores how photographers use their artistry and musicality behind the lens to immortalize emotions that are both powerful and fleeting.
Case Study:
Imagine a wedding photographer who is tasked with documenting a couple’s special day. As they navigate through various stages of the event, the photographer strives to encapsulate not only the visual aspects but also the raw emotions experienced by those involved. From stolen glances between the bride and groom during the ceremony to tears of joy shed by family members during heartfelt speeches, every moment holds significance and tells a unique story.
Photographers achieve this emotional connection by:
- Creating an atmosphere of trust and comfort for their subjects.
- Using composition techniques such as framing or leading lines to guide viewers’ attention.
- Timing shots perfectly to capture genuine expressions or reactions.
- Employing post-processing techniques like color grading to enhance mood and evoke specific emotions.
Emotional Table:
| Emotion | Technique | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Joy | Candid Shots | A father lifting his daughter in celebration |
| Love | Soft Lighting | Newlyweds sharing an intimate kiss |
| Excitement | Wide Angle Lens | Friends leaping into a pool at a party |
| Tenderness | Black-and-white | An elderly couple holding hands |
As photographers, it is their responsibility to freeze these beautiful moments in time so that they can be cherished forever. By skillfully combining technical expertise with artistic intuition, photographers bring life and vibrancy to images that resonate deeply with viewers.
Building upon this notion of capturing emotions, let us explore how candid shots allow photographers to tell stories through their lens.
Telling Stories through Candid Shots
As a photographer, Capturing Love and Joyous Moments is just one aspect of their artistry. Equally important is the ability to unveil the essence of individuals through captivating portraits. By skillfully manipulating light, composition, and perspective, photographers can create images that go beyond surface appearances, providing glimpses into the inner worlds of their subjects.
Example:
Consider the case study of Sarah, a talented portrait photographer who specializes in capturing the beauty and uniqueness of her clients. In one particular session, she was tasked with photographing an elderly woman named Margaret. As Sarah interacted with Margaret during the shoot, she realized that beneath her weathered exterior lay a lifetime filled with stories of resilience and wisdom. Through careful lighting techniques and posing suggestions, Sarah managed to capture not only Margaret’s physical features but also her spirit and character in a single frame.
To achieve such powerful results in portrait photography, there are several key elements that photographers must consider:
- Lighting: The use of natural or artificial lighting can dramatically impact how a subject is portrayed. Soft diffused light often creates a gentle and flattering effect for portraits, while harsher lighting may emphasize certain facial features or evoke different moods.
- Composition: Framing plays an essential role in highlighting specific aspects of the subject’s face or body language. Expertly positioning the individual within the frame can draw attention to their eyes, hands, or any other element that tells part of their story.
- Expression: Capturing genuine emotions requires establishing rapport and creating a comfortable environment for subjects to express themselves authentically. Skilled photographers guide their models through subtle prompts or conversations to elicit natural expressions that reveal their true selves.
- Backgrounds: The choice of background can enhance or detract from the overall impact of a portrait. Whether it be using neutral colors to keep focus on the subject or incorporating elements that provide context, photographers carefully consider the backdrop to complement and elevate their subjects.
By considering these elements in portrait photography, photographers can create images that evoke emotion and leave a lasting impression on viewers. Through their lens, they have the power to reveal the essence of individuals and connect them with audiences on a profound level.
Transition into subsequent section:
As photographers continue exploring different genres, they often find solace and inspiration in capturing serene landscapes. Embracing the serenity found in nature allows them to delve into another realm of artistic expression.
Embracing the Serenity of Landscapes
Building upon the art of storytelling through candid shots, photographers also find inspiration in capturing the serenity and beauty of landscapes. By exploring vast terrains and embracing the natural elements, these visual artists are able to immerse viewers into a world where tranquility meets grandeur.
Section H2: Embracing the Serenity of Landscapes
To illustrate this point, let us consider an example of a renowned photographer who specializes in landscape photography. John Smith travels extensively to remote locations around the globe, seeking out breathtaking vistas that evoke a sense of awe and wonder. One such location was a secluded beach on the rugged coast of Iceland. With its dramatic cliffs, crashing waves, and vibrant sunset hues reflecting off the water’s surface, this serene landscape captivated not only John but also his audience, drawing them into the photograph as if they were standing there themselves.
In their quest to capture the essence of landscapes, photographers employ various techniques to convey emotions and create an immersive experience for viewers:
- Composition: The careful arrangement of foreground, middle ground, and background elements creates depth and guides the viewer’s gaze across the image.
- Lighting: Utilizing different lighting conditions—such as golden hour or moody overcast skies—photographers can enhance the atmosphere and evoke specific moods within their landscapes.
- Colors: From vibrant sunsets to muted pastels, colors play a significant role in evoking emotional responses from viewers. Photographers often manipulate color palettes to intensify certain feelings associated with a particular scene.
- Scale and Perspective: By incorporating human figures or man-made structures into their compositions, photographers can emphasize the grandiosity or intimacy of a landscape while providing points of reference for viewers.
| Technique | Description |
|---|---|
| Composition | Careful arrangement of elements to create depth |
| Lighting | Manipulation of lighting conditions for enhanced atmosphere |
| Colors | Use of vibrant or muted colors to evoke specific emotions |
| Scale/Perspective | Incorporation of human figures or structures to emphasize scale and perspective within a scene |
Through these techniques, photographers masterfully capture the beauty and tranquility found in landscapes. By immersing viewers into scenes that transport them beyond their immediate surroundings, they provide an opportunity for contemplation, reflection, and connection with nature.
As photographers continue to explore the artistry behind the lens, another crucial aspect emerges—the ability to reveal the raw emotions of their subjects.
Revealing the Emotions of a Subject
Building upon the serene landscapes captured by photographers, we now delve into another aspect of their artistry – the ability to reveal and convey emotions through their subjects. By skillfully capturing the raw essence of individuals or groups, photographers have the power to evoke a range of feelings in viewers. Let us explore how they accomplish this feat.
One example that demonstrates a photographer’s knack for revealing emotions is the iconic portrait series titled “Faces of Resilience.” In this project, renowned photographer Jane Smith aimed to capture the strength and determination displayed by survivors of natural disasters. Through her lens, she portrayed individuals from different backgrounds, each adorned with an authentic expression reflecting their experiences. The photographs not only showcased the physical toll these events had taken on them but also conveyed their unwavering spirit and resilience.
To effectively reveal emotions through photography, several techniques are employed:
- Lighting: Photographers experiment with various lighting setups to create moods ranging from warmth and comfort to darkness and mystery.
- Composition: Strategic positioning of subjects within the frame helps highlight specific facial expressions or body language that conveys emotion.
- Color palette: Careful selection and manipulation of colors can intensify certain emotions or create contrasting tones that add depth to an image.
- Depth of field: Controlling focus allows photographers to direct viewers’ attention towards key elements within a photograph, enhancing emotional impact.
| Techniques Used in Revealing Emotions |
|---|
| Lighting |
| Composition |
| Color Palette |
| Depth of Field |
By incorporating these techniques into their work, photographers possess the ability to elicit profound emotional responses from audiences. Whether it be capturing unfiltered joy during celebrations or unraveling deep sorrow at times of grief, their images offer glimpses into humanity’s vast spectrum of feelings.
As we witness how photographers masterfully unveil emotions through their subjects, we shall now shift our focus toward exploring another crucial facet of their artistry – the skill of presenting style and trends.
The Art of Presenting Style and Trends
As photographers, our goal is to capture not only the physical appearance but also the emotions and inner essence of our subjects. Through careful composition, lighting techniques, and a deep understanding of human psychology, we can reveal these emotions in our photographs.
One example that demonstrates this ability to convey emotion through photography is the work of renowned photographer Annie Leibovitz. In her iconic portrait of John Lennon and Yoko Ono taken on December 8, 1980, just hours before Lennon’s tragic death, she captured both their love for each other and their vulnerability. The photograph exudes an intense emotional quality that resonates with viewers even decades later.
To effectively reveal emotions in a subject, photographers employ various techniques:
- Composition: Framing the subject in a way that emphasizes their emotional state or tells a story.
- Lighting: Using light and shadow to create a mood or highlight specific facial expressions.
- Color Psychology: Utilizing color schemes to evoke certain emotions or set the tone of the photograph.
- Moment Capture: Timing is crucial when capturing candid moments that showcase genuine emotions.
These techniques help photographers communicate with their audience on a deeper level by evoking emotional responses. To further illustrate this point, consider the following table:
| Emotional Impact | Technique Used |
|---|---|
| Elicit joy or happiness | Capturing laughter or smiles in Candid Shots |
| Convey sadness or melancholy | Utilizing soft lighting and muted colors |
| Portray anger or intensity | Employing dramatic angles and strong contrasts |
| Express love or affection | Focusing on intimate gestures or tender embraces |
By leveraging these techniques and understanding how they elicit different emotional responses from viewers, photographers have the power to connect audiences with their subjects on a profound level.
Through innovative perspectives and attention to detail, photographers can find beauty in even the most ordinary aspects of life, inviting viewers to see the world through a fresh lens.
Finding Beauty in the Ordinary
Transitioning from the previous section, where style and trends were explored, we now delve into the profound ability of photographers to capture the essence of emotion through their lens. To illustrate this point, let us consider a hypothetical scenario: imagine a photographer capturing an intimate moment between a couple in love on their wedding day. The way they hold each other’s hands, the tender glances exchanged, and the genuine smiles radiating happiness – these are all moments frozen in time that evoke emotions when viewed.
When it comes to evoking emotions through photography, there are several techniques employed by skilled photographers. They artfully use composition, lighting, and timing to tell stories and elicit feelings. Here are some ways in which photographers achieve this:
- Composition: By carefully framing their subjects within the frame using various principles like rule of thirds or leading lines, photographers can guide viewers’ eyes towards key elements that convey specific emotions.
- Lighting: Manipulating natural or artificial light sources allows photographers to create dramatic shadows or soft illumination that enhances mood and atmosphere.
- Timing: Decisive moments captured at just the right instant can highlight raw emotions and fleeting expressions that might otherwise go unnoticed.
- Post-processing: Skillful editing techniques enable photographers to enhance colors, tones, and textures, further intensifying emotional impact.
To better understand how different photographic techniques can evoke varied emotional responses in viewers, let us explore a brief example:
| Emotion | Technique Used | Example Image |
|---|---|---|
| Joy | Timing | A perfectly timed shot captures friends laughing together during a celebration. |
| Serenity | Lighting | Soft golden hour sunlight filters through trees onto a tranquil lake scene. |
| Sadness | Composition | An empty park bench under pouring rain symbolizes loneliness and melancholy. |
| Excitement | Post-processing | Bold colors and high contrast amplify the energy of a dynamic sports event. |
In capturing emotions through their lens, photographers have an unrivaled power to freeze moments that tug at our heartstrings or ignite our spirits. Whether it’s the elation of a victory or the quiet reflection of solitude, these images transport us to different emotional landscapes.
Transitioning into the subsequent section about “Preserving the Memories of a Lifetime,” we will now explore how photographers immortalize cherished moments in photographs, ensuring they are never forgotten.
Preserving the Memories of a Lifetime
Transitioning from the previous section, where photographers find beauty in ordinary moments, they also have a unique ability to capture and preserve the memories that define our lives. Consider the story of Emma, a professional photographer who specializes in family portraits. With her keen eye for detail and an innate understanding of human emotion, she effortlessly captures genuine smiles and tender moments between loved ones.
In today’s fast-paced world, photographs serve as powerful reminders of cherished memories. They possess the remarkable ability to transport us back in time, evoking emotions and sensations that may have faded over the years. As we look at a photograph of our childhood home or a long-lost friend, we are instantly transported to those moments – feeling the warmth of sunlight on our skin or hearing laughter echoing through the air.
To truly grasp the significance of photography in preserving memories, let us explore its impact:
- A single snapshot can freeze time and encapsulate an entire event or experience.
- Photographs enable us to share our stories with future generations by providing concrete evidence of our existence.
- The act of taking photos allows individuals to consciously appreciate fleeting moments that might otherwise go unnoticed.
- Photography serves as a form of self-expression, allowing artists to convey their own perspectives and interpretations.
Table: Emotions Captured Through Photography
| Emotion | Description |
|---|---|
| Joy | Smiles frozen mid-laughter bring forth feelings of happiness and create lasting memories. |
| Nostalgia | Images from yesteryears evoke sentimentality, transporting viewers back to simpler times. |
| Love | Photos capturing affectionate gestures remind us of the power and depth within human connections. |
| Wonder | Breathtaking landscapes incite awe and inspire a sense of wonder about our natural surroundings. |
As we navigate through life’s milestones, it is the photographer’s Artistry and Musicality behind the lens that allows us to reflect on our journey. Photography immortalizes fleeting moments, ensuring that they remain etched in our collective memory long after they have passed.
Transitioning into the subsequent section about “Unveiling the Truths of Reality,” we delve deeper into how photographers use their craft to capture not only beauty but also uncover hidden truths within society. By shedding light on often overlooked aspects of reality, these artists provoke thought and inspire change.
Unveiling the Truths of Reality
Transitioning smoothly from the previous section, where photographers were portrayed as preservers of precious memories, we now delve into their role as truth-seekers and revealers. Through their lenses, these skilled artists uncover hidden realities that would otherwise remain unnoticed by the untrained eye.
One compelling example is a documentary photographer who captures candid images of marginalized communities around the world. In one such project, they ventured into an impoverished neighborhood in a developing country to shed light on the daily struggles faced by its residents. By capturing raw emotions and presenting them to a global audience, this photographer aims to evoke empathy and inspire social change.
To better understand the profound impact photographers have in revealing truths through their artistry, consider the following bullet points:
- Photographs expose societal issues: They provide tangible evidence of pressing problems like inequality, discrimination, or environmental degradation.
- Visual storytelling evokes emotional responses: A single photograph can convey complex narratives and elicit strong emotions within viewers.
- Photography challenges perceptions: By showcasing unconventional perspectives or documenting alternative lifestyles, photographers encourage people to question prevailing norms and stereotypes.
- Images foster dialogue and understanding: When shared with diverse audiences worldwide, photographs become catalysts for meaningful conversations about important social issues.
To further illustrate the transformative power of photography in exposing reality, let us examine a table presenting various photographic genres and their distinct contributions:
| Genre | Description | Emotional Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Street Photography | Captures candid moments in urban settings | Sense of curiosity |
| Photojournalism | Documents news events objectively | Shock or outrage |
| Wildlife Photography | Showcases animals in their natural habitats | Awe or wonder |
| Portrait Photography | Focuses on individuals’ personalities or expressions | Empathy |
Through each genre’s unique approach, photographers provoke emotional responses that connect viewers more deeply with different aspects of our shared reality.
In conclusion, photographers go beyond mere documentation; they are artists who possess the ability to reveal truths and evoke powerful emotions through their lens. By exposing societal issues, challenging perceptions, fostering dialogue, and employing various genres, these visual storytellers play a vital role in shaping our understanding of the world around us. Their Artistry and musicality behind the camera allow them to uncover hidden realities that demand attention and inspire change.
